What does the term "enumerated powers" specifically refer to?

The term "enumerated powers" specifically refers to the powers granted to Congress that are explicitly listed in the Constitution. This designation is important because it establishes the framework for the legislative authority of Congress, limiting its powers to those expressly stated.

The enumerated powers are found primarily in Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution, where various responsibilities and powers – such as the ability to levy taxes, regulate interstate commerce, and declare war – are clearly defined. This clear listing helps to prevent overreach by Congress and ensures that any powers exerted are grounded in the Constitution itself.

Understanding enumerated powers is crucial for interpreting the balance of power between the federal government and the states, as well as for comprehending the scope of federal legislative authority. In contrast, options discussing reserved powers or powers denied to Congress address different concepts related to the specific limitations or distribution of authority within the federal structure or among the branches of government.